DIY: Drawing Table for Kids

You can create a drawing table for kids from scratch or you can take a short cut and find a wood table from a thrift store or yard sale and modify it for your little ones. Kids will love this chalkboard table top that they can draw directly on with chalk or they can use it as a regular table upon which to create their other craft and coloring projects. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1

Divide the wood beam into four 2-foot-long pieces using a ruler and a pen for marking.

2

Clamp the beam to a table with the excess hanging over the edge of the table. Saw each of the four pieces from the beam.

3

Stand each of the four pieces upright in a square. These are the legs of your table. Place the plywood on top. Adjust the legs underneath so that they are squarely in each of the four corners. Hammer two nails through the top of the plywood into each of the four legs. Skip to step 7.

4

Find a thrift store or yard sale table as a shortcut (skip steps 1-3). Lay the table on its side. Decide how long you would like the legs to be. Depending on how big your kids are, 2 feet is usually a good height.

5

Measure each leg with the ruler and mark the measurement you decided upon with a pen.

6

Saw off the bottom part of each leg along this marking.

7

Use coarse sandpaper to smooth off and prepare the table top for paint. (This should be done if you make your own table from scratch or if you are using a thrift store table.) Use the terry cloth to wipe down the table.

8

Paint on the chalkboard paint according to the manufacturer's directions. Allow to dry.

About Vintage Patio Furniture

In the last century or so, outdoor entertaining has become not only acceptable but popular. Many of us remember the classic redwood picnic table that hosted family picnics and the Aunt Bert's porch glider. Vintage patio furniture reminds all of us of a simpler time when summer seemed long and lazy. The good news is that these classic pieces are available again in reproductions as well as restorations. Does this Spark an idea?

History

Outdoor furniture originally meant a rocking chair on the porch. On hot summer nights, kitchen chairs were often brought out, too. If the house was just too hot, a table and chairs might be set out under a tree for dinner. Well-to-do hosts created a market for furniture specifically designed for outdoor use, beginning with wrought iron, ship-style hammocks and canvas-seated chairs modeled after military campaign chairs. By the end of the nineteenth century, middle class homeowners were putting wood and wicker furniture out on the porch and when the movies popularized the California "patio" early in the twentieth century, homeowners used a variety of types of furniture to entertain family and guests outdoors. Today, the patio resembles an outdoor room with kitchen-grade appliances, arbors and fireplaces for cool evenings. As for technology, new synthetics and engineered materials make furniture that differs little from that used inside the house.

Function

As patios gained favor, new materials were used to fabricate new styles. The standard steel chair and glider settee, made of rolled steel with molded seats and backs shaped like sea shells or flowers, appeared after World War II and can still be found on patios and porches. Folding wood furniture was made more permanent and the Adirondack chair, a simple lawn form using unadorned flat lumber and simple design to create a relaxing form, was reduced in scale and "dressed up" to resemble indoor furniture in cedar and, beginning in the 1960s, teak. Furniture makers learned to perforate solid metal surfaces and construct slatted seats and backs on wood furniture to drain water and avoid rust and mildew. By the 1940s, matching "suites" of patio furniture were common.

Types

Vintage patio furniture may be wrought iron but wrought aluminum, a material developed in the 1920s is lighter and less likely to rust. Fabricated steel, or "heavy metal," furniture became popular in the latter half of the century as defense industries transitioned to peacetime production. The glass top table gained popularity in the 1950s and wood furniture made a comeback as the children of the 1960s looked for more "natural" materials to put on their patios in the 70s and 80s. Umbrellas, few of which have survived, tended to be large-ribbed, canvas-covered affairs.

Considerations

Inspect carefully to find any rust or previous repairs when shopping for vintage outdoor furniture. Wood shrinks and glue dries out with time so be prepared to do some refurbishing. Check the canvas--if you need to replace it be sure you know how it's "rigged." Old "redwood" furniture is real redwood and must be oiled or stained regularly.

Warning

Maintain genuine antique steel or cast iron furniture carefully to avoid rust. Keep cushions out of the weather when not in use. Shop carefully for old pieces--like any antiques, prices will vary widely.

Metric to Standard Size

The United States, Myanmar and Liberia are the only places that still officially use the standard measurement system, though it is also commonly used in parts of the United Kingdom. The rest of the world uses the metric system of measure. Memorizing basic conversion ratios and equations can make moving between standard and metric measurements in a blueprint, pattern or instruction set easier.

Length

One millimeter is equal to .03937 inches. This is the basis of any conversion of length from metric to standard. To convert a measurement in millimeters to inches multiply the number of millimeters times .03937. To convert centimeters to inches, multiply by .3937 inches. To convert meters to yards, multiply the number of meters time 1.0936 yards. To convert kilometers to miles multiply times .6214 miles.

One inch is equal to 2.54 centimeters. This is the basis of all length conversions form standard to metric. To convert inches to centimeters, multiply the number of inches times 2.54 centimeters. To convert feet to meters, multiply the number of feet times .3048 meters. To convert yards to meters, multiply the number of yards by .9144 meters. To convert miles to kilometers multiply the number of miles by 1.6093 kilometers. To convert nautical miles to kilometers multiply the number of nautical miles times 1.853 kilometers.

Weight

On milligram is equal to 0.0154 grain. To convert milligrams to grains, multiply the total number of milligrams times 0.0154. To convert grain to ounces, multiply the number of ounces times 437.5 grains. To convert ounces to grams, multiply the number of ounces times 28.35 grams. To convert pounds to kilograms, multiply the number of kilograms times 2.2046 pounds.

Liquid

To convert fluid ounces to millimeters, multiply the number of fluid ounces times 29.574. To convert pints to liters, multiply the number of pints times .4731 liters. To convert gallons to liters, multiply the number of gallons times 3.7854 liters.

Temperature

There are four measures of temperature, Fahrenheit, Celsius, Kelvin and Rankin. To convert Celsius to Fahrenheit multiply the temperature in Celsius times 1.8 and then add 32. The complete equation is F=(1.8xC)+32. To convert Fahrenheit to Celsius use the equation C= (F-32) x 0.555. When converting Celsius to Kelvin, use the equation K= C+273.2. When converting Fahrenheit to Rankin, use the equation R=F+459.67.

How to Draw a Craft Table

A craft table is a large, rectangular table. It is used to spread out supplies and create various projects. The craft table makes art projects simpler because all the supplies needed are at your immediate disposal. Many amateur and professional artists use craft tables to assist them in their work. Drawing an artist at work, or making a sketch of an art room may require you to draw an craft table. Luckily, these tables are simple to draw.

Instructions

1

Draw a parallelogram in the center of the paper. This is the table top. Draw its as large or small as you require for the scale of your drawing.

2

Add table legs by drawing thin, vertical rectangles from the corners of the table. Position one leg on each of the bottom corners and one leg on each of the back corners. Make sure all four table legs end at the same height.

3

Erase any lines that go through the table top.

4

Draw items found on a craft table. Items might be papers, markers, rulers, paint or other art supplies.

5

Erase any table lines that go through the items drawn on the table top.

How to Identify the Style of a Dining Table

Decorating your home can be a joyous activity that allows you to express your own personal style. You may choose to completely decorate each room individually or you may select an overall particular decorating style. Various decorating styles such as Colonial or Victorian have distinguishing looks and materials that are associated with them. If you need to identify the style of a dining room table for your home, you can do so with some observation. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1

Examine the wood used in the table. Colonial tables are usually made of black walnut, ash, hickory, maple or mahogany. Victorian tables often are made of maple, rosewood or oak and tend to be heavier. Scandinavian tables can be made of any of these as well but also sometimes use elm and teak; this is not typical of many other styles.

2

Check the feet of the table. Colonial furniture may have a "drake," which is a simple animal paw carved into the wood. Victorian tables can use something similar, though it is more common for Victorian tables to have the foot carved into a claw that is gripping a ball. Victorian designs also may keep the foot as a continuation of the leg, as do Scandinavian tables.

3

Examine any hardware on the table. Colonial tables frequently utilize brass, leather, and iron. Victorian furniture sometimes use glass tabletops. Scandinavian tables don't generally use additional hardware options outside of wood.

4

Look at the table's finish. Colonial tables typically utilize wax, paint or oil varnish as finishes. Victorian style features oil varnish almost exclusively. Scandinavian tables also use stain along with wax or oil varnish.

5

Check for any ornamentation or carving. Carving or stenciling are common with colonial tables. Victorian tables utilize cutting or chipping designs in the wood. Scandinavian designs prefer clear finishes to show off the wood grain.

How to Design a Drawing Table

Precise drawings take attention and time---enough time to cause stiffness and soreness from staying hunched over a flat table. Flat tables also cause lighting problems; shadows cast by your hand under a desk lamp constantly obscure part of the drawing. The solution is to use a drawing table---a slanted, self-lit table that will ease strain on the artist's back and provide even light to diffuse shadow. But drawing tables aren't one size fits all. Tolerate a little more discomfort and draw a table that meets your own design standards and preferences. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1

Prop your clipboard up at varying angles and spend some time doodling until you find a sweet spot where you are most comfortable. Measure the angle of clipboard in comparison to the flat surface with a protractor. Write that at the corner of a piece of graph paper.

2

Draw the flat surface and legs of the protractor from a side perspective. Figure out the length conversion between the graph intervals and the real world measurements you desire. Use your protractor to draw a diagonal line reproducing the angle of the clipboard. Make sure the high end of the diagonal line doesn't extend beyond the end of the horizontal line of the table if you draw a vertical line between the two edges.

3

Multiply the length of the diagonal line by itself and subtract the value of the horizontal line multiplied by itself. Take the square root of the difference and you will have the length of the prop bar you will need to for the diagonal table surface.

4

Decide how wide you would like your drawing table to be. Take the length of the diagonal line and use these two values to draw a rectangle representing the surface. Choose where to place your lights and how to place them---as a clip-on desk lamp or as table level lights attached to its surface and shining down its slant. Figure out how you will keep your drawing paper attached to the table.

How to Decorate an L-Shaped Living Room

According to Your Design Hotline proprietors Teri and Cindy, the L-shaped room rose to popularity with the advent of ranch homes in the 1950s. Its odd shape poses a decorating challenge. Although the "L" lends itself perfectly to practical, dual-use space, such as a family room and office or living room and dining room, a look that flows visually and functionally is difficult to achieve. Consider such elements of design as furniture placement, color, lighting and decorative accessories when planning the layout and decor of your L-shape room. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1

Choose a focal point for each section of the "L." A fireplace, large window or built-in bookcase works well.

2

Place each room section's largest piece of furniture directly across from its focal point.

3

Arrange the next largest furniture pieces. If the largest is a sofa, place the love seat and other seating directly across from it or to its sides at 90-degree angles. If the largest is a dining table or desk, make sure its scale is proportionate to the size of the room.

4

Fill bare space with smaller furniture. Break up a too-long expanse of wall with a buffet or sofa table.

5

Extend furniture in a larger room by placing pieces farther away from each other and by arranging it on area rugs.

6

Walk through both sides of the "L," using all entrances to the room, to make sure the room's traffic pattern -- its flow -- is unimpeded. Rearrange furniture, if necessary, to open pathways for clear passage.

7

Add accessories to tie together the room's disparate elements. Use items of varying heights to add interest.

8

Light the room with general, task and mood lighting. Attempt to achieve a three-point lighting design in which each area of the room has a wash of overhead lighting and task and mood lighting coming from two directions. The intent is to provide ample light while minimizing shadows and glare.

How to Decorate a Space Between a Sofa and a Wall

Your sofa looks great pulled away from the wall a little bit; now, what can you do to fill the space behind it? If you leave the space empty, it will collect dust bunnies, but there isn't enough clearance for a bookcase or storage shelves. Well, you're not the only person to have this problem; there is an entire furniture category designed just to solve this dilemma: the sofa table. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1

Pull your sofa away from the wall about 18 inches.

2

Slide a sofa table into the vacant space and center it behind your sofa. Sofa tables come in many different lengths and heights. Choose one that is at least three-fourths the length of your sofa, or you will end up with too much empty space at either end. The table's height should be 2 or 3 inches lower than the sofa's back: too high, and people will bump their heads when they sit; too low, and it will be uncomfortable to set down a drink.

3

Arrange one or two lamps on the table. If you have two lamps, position them symmetrically on either end of the sofa table. If you are only using one, place it where it will provide the best task lighting for reading. Light for reading should come from over your shoulder, and the lampshade should end at about the level of your eyes.

4

Collect several books that you have been meaning to read. If they are novels or in a small format, position them upright between bookends. If they are large format (such as photography or art books), stack them in a neat pile with the spines facing into the room, so you can see the titles. Place them near the lamp you will use for reading.

5

Add a vase filled with fresh flowers midway between the stack of books and the second lamp (or other edge of the table, if you are using only one lamp).

How to Design a Professional Mixing Console

A mixing console -- or mixing desk -- is a very complex and intricate piece of music hardware. To some people they might just look like a series of dials and volume controls but to an expert producer a console is a must-have piece of recording equipment. Mixing consoles fine-tune and preset the basic levels for recording: this could be anything from changing the dynamics of the input sound to changing the microphone volumes. When designing your own console you must consider its capabilities, the positioning of the various dials and who is going to manufacture it for you.

Instructions

1

Plan your design by thinking about what components the mixing board is going to have. Choose, for example, how many inputs the console will be able to connect to. Some mixing channels are capable of hooking up several microphones or direct instrument inputs (often overlapping each other) while some others might be only capable of five or six channels. Also consider including an EQ unit, signal monitors, any preamplifier system controls and the standard gain and trim dials.

2

Choose any specific additions for your console. Some mixing desks are unique due to their added sound-editing capabilities. Some consoles, for example, come with a phantom power provider, which allows for a smooth and undistorted sound when using a DC-current condenser microphone (preamps require an alternating current for audio reproduction). Other desks come with sound effect modules (distortion, reverb, echo, delay etc.) or a PC interface connection to sync your console with your computer's audio mixing software. Think about how much space you are planning to fill because any special additions can take up internal and external room on your console.

3

Arrange the channels and controls in such a way that they fall in line and are easy to recognize, and both comfortable and convenient to use. Most mixing desks arrange the channels vertically and then run the volume and sound controls horizontally -- this creates a table-like structure to help you know what about the sound you are changing and which input you are doing it to. Sticking to an established format for the mixing console will help you, and any others, use it quickly and effectively.

4

Select a point where any hardware devices will connect in and out. Most mixing consoles place the hardware input and output ports on the face of the board, either on the top or the bottom row. Consider placing the ports at the rear of the device or on the front-underside -- whatever the choice, ensure that any plugged-in or line-out cables do not interfere with the console's usability.

5

Select a material to encase your console within and choose a color for it. Most consoles are encased in a plastic mold, but some custom desks might be given a wooden or marble-like finish. Think about the overall design of your studio and try to choose a material and color that suit the rest of the room.

6

Document your design by drawing up a device plan or using a computer aided drafting program (i.e. AutoCAD). This document will become the plan that you or a manufacturer uses when it comes to constructing the console. Ensure that any measurements are checked and correct and that the device controls and dials are correctly labeled.

How to Reupholster Dining Furniture

If your dining room is looking bland or dated, give it a quick makeover with new chair seat covers. Dining rooms are mostly full of hard surfaces, so a new fabric treatment will certainly stand out. You won't need much yardage for dining chair seats, so it's a good place to indulge in a luxury fabric. And, unlike more complicated upholstery projects, it's easy to reupholster dining chairs. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1

Measure your dining chair seats to calculate needed yardage. Upholstery fabric is 54 to 55 inches wide. For chair seats up to 27 inches square, 3/4 yard will cover two chairs. If the fabric has a repeating pattern larger than 27 inches, vertically or horizontally, you'll need more fabric.

2

Turn your chair upside down. If you see four screws, one in each corner, unscrew them to remove the seat. If you don't see screws, your seat is attached with tack strips. Insert a flat-head screwdriver between the seat and the frame. Pry the seat from the chair.

3

Remove the old fabric from the seat with a staple remover or pair of needle-nose pliers.

4

Cut out your new seat covers. For solid fabrics, use the old seat cover as a pattern. Place it on your fabric and trace around it with a pencil or tailor's chalk. If the new fabric has a pattern, center the pattern over your chair seat and pin it in place. Cut the fabric 3 inches larger than the seat. Cut subsequent covers by using the first as a pattern, making sure the fabric pattern is perfectly aligned.

5

Turn your new seat cover fabric upside down. Place the seat upside down on top of it. Center any pattern as needed. Fold the overlapping fabric over the back of the seat and pull it taut. Place a staple in the center of each side. Secure the fabric to the seat with staples, working from top to bottom, then left to right, except for the corners. Do one side at a time, and work out from the center staples. If your chair seat was attached with tack strips, replace them before stapling the fabric to the seat.

6

Pull each fabric corner toward the center of the seat and staple it. Don't cover your screw holes. Arrange the remaining corner fabric into small pleats and staple them. Cut away any excess fabric.

7

Reattach your dining chair seats by replacing the screws. For a chair with tack strips, position the seat on the chair. Cover the seat with a bath towel to protect the new fabric, then hammer the tacks into the chair frame.

How to Make a Drawing Table

Every artist needs a place to work and create his or her art. One thing that every illustrator needs most is a drawing table. Normal tables cause an artist to hunch over his work, which causes back strain and prevents proper light from shining on the illustrations. Creating a diagonal drawing table is a must for artists on a budget. While the table won't look like one you bought, making your own will save you a couple hundred dollars.

Instructions

1




Cut the 2-by-4s into 3, 4-foot long sections. Cut the plywood into a rectangle that is 4 1/2 feet long and 3 1/2 feet wide. Cut two triangles out of plywood that are 1 foot long and 8 inches tall. Set 2 of the plywood sections aside for legs. Measure and mark a line in pencil 4 inches from the top of two leg pieces. Cut from the upper left corner of the 2-by-4 to the pencil line to create a diagonal on top of the wood. This is where the table will rest.

2




Drill 3 1/4-inch holes for the screws in the bottom of each leg. Drill 3 1/4-inch holes in the bottom center of each triangle as well. Make sure that the holes for the legs and triangles exactly match. Press the triangles against the bottom of the legs so that the ends are flush with each other. Place a 1/2-inch flat-tip screw into each of the holes you drilled. Apply nuts to the screws on the opposite side to secure the screws. Place the remaining 2-by-4 sideways halfway up the leg to act as a perpendicular support beam. Drill holes for the 2 1/2-inch wide and 3-inch long screws you will place on the outer side of the leg. Attach the screws so they go through the leg and into the support beam. Do this for each side.

3




Cut out two trapezoid shaped support pieces from the remaining plywood. These should be 5 inches long at the base, 3 inches long at the top and 2 inches wide. Place these on the outer top of each leg and turn them diagonally so they are flush with the angles surface of the top of each leg. Screw in place with 3 2-inch long screws.

4




Place the tabletop sideways resting against a sturdy chair or box. Turn the leg section sideways and place this in the middle of the table. Screw 2 3-inch long screws from the top of the table into the top of each leg to secure the legs to the tabletop.

5

Set the table upright and cut a 4 1/2 feet long and 3 1/2 feet wide piece of white Masonite for the surface of the table. Apply strong glue, such as Liquid Nails to the surface of the plywood table. Make sure to have a bead of glue running around the edge of the surface and make a large "X" across the table with the glue. Lay the Masonite over the top of the table. Secure this with two clamps on each side and let it dry overnight.

How to Arrange Furniture in Combined Bedroom and Dining Room Areas

When you live in a small space, it's not unusual to have rooms that do double or triple duty. In a studio or loft apartment, for example, the only separate room may be the bathroom, while the rest of your accommodations consist of one combined living area. When you have a combined bedroom and dining area, you may be at a loss as to how to create two distinct spaces that are clearly differentiated according to their purpose. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1

Mark off the area that is devoted to your dining space by placing masking tape on the floor. Do the same for your bedroom space. This will allow you to place your furnishings in distinct areas and create dedicated spaces. Remove the masking tape once your furnishings are in place.

2

Select furnishing colors and styles that complement each other when designing a combined areas. If your furnishings do not match, purchase slipcovers, pillows and blankets in complementary colors to unify the two areas. Refinish furniture that clashes so that the colors blend well.

3

Repeat a similar theme in both areas by choosing lamps, decorative items and and artwork that flow from one space to another. Create a look of unity by following a specific theme. Shabby chic, country, monochromatic, contemporary or ethnic decor are all possibilities for your combined space.

4

Create a division between your dining and bedroom areas. An adjustable or removable division works well when you want your space open at times and divided at others. A folding screen, rolling wall divider or curtain on a rod or track are all options that can be adjusted as you desire. When you know that you want your space to have a permanent division, opt for a fixed wall divider, dresser, bookcase, sideboard or china cabinet to create the feeling of a separate space.

5

Lay area rugs and throw rugs to differentiate between the two spaces. Choose a large area rug for your dining area, and situate it under the table where you eat. Opt for several small throw rugs in your bedroom area, or choose runner-style rugs on either side of your bed.

How to Arrange a Dining Room Cabinet

Having a dining room in any part of your house is a gift. Having a dining room that is large enough to accommodate a dining room cabinet truly allows you to indulge in creative and elegant decorating. Dining room cabinets take a variety of shapes and sizes, but nearly all of them contain glass doors and shelves for easy viewing of the content inside. While there's no right or wrong way to arrange the contents inside of a dining room cabinet, there are more effective decorative strategies that will create an eye-catching display. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1

Gather together all the items that you plan on displaying in the cabinet and lay them in front of you on a flat surface. You can display items like fine pieces of china, glass or crystal glasses, ceramic figurines or comparable items.

2

Select the most impressive pieces of glass, crystal or china and place them on the shelf of the cabinet that is most immediately at eye-level. Arrange these pieces in a symmetrical configuration. For example, you could just keep the largest piece in the middle and arrange the smaller pieces around it. Or you could place all the pieces in simple rows.

3

Select the remaining pieces of glass, crystal and china and arrange them on the subsequent shelves of the cabinet in a way that mimics the first shelf that you arranged. Thus, if you made simple rows on the first shelf, repeat that display scheme again with the other shelves. If you arrange everything around a larger object, repeat that again as well.

4

Add a couple items to the dining room cabinet that might be somewhat out of the ordinary, but still appropriate. This will help your display become more eye-catching. For example, a framed picture of your family members is suitable or an old toy from childhood, such as a baseball or vintage doll, would also make the display attention-grabbing.

5

Add festive items dependent upon the time of year. For example, if it is around Christmas, add a few sprigs of holly to the shelves. Around Valentine's Day, place a few vintage Valentine's day cards to add a splash of color to the display.

How to Clean a Mahogany Dining Room

Wood furniture needs special care. You cannot clean wood with normal house cleaning products that contain alcohol or bleach, because you may risk damaging it. If you are preparing to entertain guests in your dining room, clean your mahogany dining table and polish it to make it look like new and shine. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1

Remove everything from the dining room table before you clean it.

2

Mix a small amount of dish soap into the bucket filled with water.

3

Dip the sponge into the water and squeeze out some of the excess.

4

Wash the table with the soapy sponge, paying extra attention to any spill spots.

5

Dry the table with a clean towel.

6

Use a small amount of polish in the cloth and wipe the table with the cloth in small circular motions. Let the table set for 5 to 10 minutes before replacing anything you had on the table.

Differences Between a Credenza, Buffet & Sideboard

Buffets were very important parts of dining room service in the 18th century. Occasionally today, you may see a rolling cart or shelved table being used to move dishes or foods in a restaurant. This was the main purpose of the buffet. Credenzas and sideboards were made as furniture that remained in place. Some sideboards and credenzas were extremely heavy and ornately decorated.

Credenzas

The credenza is basically a center shelf section with side, shelved cupboards. Some of these were also referred to as side cabinets. Many Victorian credenzas were very elaborately decorated with floral parquetry, walnut veneer, cabriole plasters and carvings. Some had marble tops, mirror-lined side shelves and intricate mother-of-pearl and ivory inlaid designs in the center doors. The credenzas of the 1960s were less ornate. Some had black marble tops and were painted black with no visible shelves.

Buffets

Most buffets from the 1800s and 1900s were simply sets of shelves on wheels used to serve food. They had shelves which were open and accessible from all sides. Some had two drawers for holding utensils, matches, napkins and other things the server needed. French buffets in the 18th century had panel doors that covered the entire front. Others had two drawers at the top; they did not have wheels for moving them. They were intended as serving tables permanently placed in the dining room.

Sideboards

Most simple sideboards contained three to four drawers across the upper part of the table base. There were two or three sets of drawers on each side. Many were made with open knee-hole openings in the front center, so they resembled desks. Others had very elaborately carved high backs, some of which contained background mirrors. These were used in dining rooms and served the same purpose as the stationary credenza.

The Differences

The main difference in the three pieces of furniture was that the buffet was the only one with wheels. In the 18th and 19th centuries, food was brought to the table on the buffet serving table. Credenzas and sideboards were fixed pieces of furniture that didn't move. Credenzas had extra shelving on the sides which could be used for food or utensils. Most buffets that had front panel doors only contained cabinets with no shelves. This where the term "buffet" comes from in restaurants. All the foods are served from a central location.

What Is the Definition of a Drafting Table?

A drafting table generally has an elevated angled surface. These tables are not overly complex inventions. Rather, they aid many artists, architects and hobbyists in creating their projects comfortably and efficiently. Does this Spark an idea?

Definition

According to BeeDictionary.com, a drafting table has an adjustable top that can be angled and is used specifically for work. It is also often called a "drawing table."

Benefits

The ability of the work surface of a drafting table to tilt makes it easier to use by anyone who will be drawing or sketching for significant periods of time. It can be much more comfortable for them to angle their work instead of having to constantly lean over it, which can cause neck and head pain. Furthermore this mobility allows artists and designers to draw from many different angles. The table can be tilted up to 90 degrees and typically the knobs used to turn the surface are very easy to access and adjust.

Uses

Originally drafting tables were elaborate desks in wealthy Victorian homes used for the art of map drawing (cartography). Today they have a variety of uses, but most commonly are employed by architects drawing up blueprints. Additionally, artists, structural steel engineers and advertising layout specialists use them to aid in sketching and to help them plan design. Some antique drafting tables are even placed in houses purely to be decorative pieces of furniture.

Size

Typically the height of drafting table can be adjusted significantly for comfortable seating for any user. The surface size ranges from 24 inches x 36 inches to 30 inches x 42 inches and 36 inches x 48 inches because these are the most common paper sizes used for design in the U.S. Residential designs typically make use of the 24-inch x 36-inch design. On the other hand, 30-inch x 42-inch is usually utilized in commercial design and 36-inch x 48-inch is most common in large commercial projects with multiple phases. It's important to select a drafting table with a surface size that is at least the size of the paper that is going to be used.

Materials

The materials that drafting tables are made out of can vary, giving each model an appealing aesthetic look as well as its own benefits or drawbacks. Some are made from glass, giving them a modern look. Others are constructed from wood, which typically makes them appear more old-fashioned. Many lightweight ones are constructed from plastic while some of the most durable are made of metal. Different artists and architects each have their own preferences.

Variations

Some models of drafting tables have rulers built in along their edges to aid architects and artists in drawing straight lines and right angles. Many include trays that allow users a place to keep pencils and other instruments. Some offer built-in interior lighting that make tracing on them very easy. A few models are collapsible for easy transportation.

How to Use a Drafting Table

Most drafting tables have adjustment mechanisms found on the legs of the table to ergonomically adjust the height of the work surface specific to a person's height. Drafting tables offer a large drawing surface and a table top that tilts to a comfortable working angle. Straight lines can be drawn with the help of a T-square or an adjustable parallel bar that comes attached to some drafting tables.

Instructions

1

Locate the turning knobs on the front legs or base of the drafting table. Unscrew them until they allow the steel inserts of the legs to be lifted upward.

2

Taking hold of the drawing surface, lift it upward until a comfortable drawing height is achieved. Sit in the chair you will be using to draft to allow a good reference point. Screw the knobs back tightly into a locked position when desired height is achieved.

3

Locate the angle adjusting mechanism on the table. On some tables it will be a set of knobs on the top of the back legs. High-end drafting tables may have a surface which automatically tilts out when the back portion is lifted and stays in place by resting into pre-made grooves.

4

Unscrew the knobs on the back legs of the table until it allows the drawing surface to be tilted at an angle. Tilt the top of the table to a comfortable angle and screw the knobs back in until the tabletop is locked in place.

5

Tape down the corners of the paper to the drafting surface using drafting dots or drafting tape.

6

To test the chosen table height and angle, draw a few test lines using a T-square. Place the "T" portion of the T-square against the left side of the table if right-handed or against the right side of the table if left-handed. Using the pencil, draw a few parallel lines to make sure the table is positioned comfortably.

7

When using a drafting table with a parallel bar attached, a T-square is not necessary. On each side of the parallel bar, there are round screws which may be loosened and tightened. Loosening these knobs allows the parallel bar to be moved up or down. Tightening the screws locks the parallel bar in place. When drawing with a parallel bar, use it as a straight edge to draw horizontal lines with a pencil.

Decorating a Sofa Table

Ideas and themes

Though decorating a sofa table may not seem like a big deal, there are a few things to take into consideration when deciding to decorate anything in your home. What do you want your decor to say about you? Do you want a romantic decor, in which the furniture is vintage-looking and painted white, with soft pastel floral patterns on the curtains and rugs? Do you want a contemporary theme? Or maybe a rustic theme? There is also the exotic, African theme and the Asian theme. There are many different themes to choose from, and depending on how your living room is decorated, you will most likely want to decorate your sofa table in much the same manner, to keep with the decor of the room.

Getting started

Depending on your decor style, there are a lot of ways in which you can decorate your sofa table. If you or your guests are prone to drinking beverages in your living room, then coasters on the sofa table are essential in avoiding unsightly rings.

If you have a vintage theme going on in your living room, you might consider decorating your table simply and using a doily. Doilies will give your table an old-fashioned look. You can also add a small knick-knack or two, placed on top of the doily. If you have a rustic theme in your living room, a small, old fashioned kerosene lamp can add to the decor of the table.

African-themed sofa tables can feature a metal giraffe or elephant in the center of the table and an African-pattern table runner down the center of the table to give it some color and keep it from looking too plain.

If you are looking to use an Asian theme, use a piece of silk as a table runner. If your sofa table is too small for a runner, then you can use a small Buddha figurine, a bonsai tree or a fan to decorate the table.

Candles are always a good way to decorate a table. A couple of hurricanes on either side with scented candles can make a living room warm and inviting to guests. Also, you can use a simple flower centerpiece to decorate the table. This is especially useful if you have a romantic-themed living room. Vases, pottery and clocks can also be other items you might consider decorating with, if you are looking for a more contemporary look.

Resources

If you want scented candles that will last a while, then purchasing Yankee brand candles is something you might want to consider. While they are expensive, they will fill your home with a wonderful aroma and they will also last quite a while.

Cultural knick-knacks and decor can be found at places like Cost Plus World Market. Vintage and rustic decor can usually be found in thrift stores or flea markets. There are online resources that also sell this type of decor, if you are uncomfortable with shopping at a flea market or thrift store.

How to Make a Drafting Table

You have decided to work at home and need a drafting table for your hobby or business. You can save some money by reading on to learn how to make a drafting table. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1

Realize that this table is not adjustable. The height and angle are set to fit a majority of people. If you have been using a drafting table at work and have it adjusted to your comfort, measure the height and pitch and transfer it to your homemade table.

2

Draw a box on the plywood. Make the box 6 3/4-inches in from all sides. Extend the lines to the edge of the plywood so the lines intersect. Use these lines as guides when you are installing the frames on the plywood and for the legs.

3

Make the frames by laying out the two 61-inch pieces parallel to each other along the lines you have drawn. Make a box using the two 21-inch pieces on the inside of the longer pieces.

4

Find a helper for this step. Ask the helper to stand with the plywood leaning against her. Now you can screw the frame to the tabletop. Ensure the frame stays next to the lines you drew earlier. Check your top to make sure everything is lined up.

5

Install the legs. Lay the tabletop face down on the floor. Place the two 36-inch front legs, one in each corner of the same side. Fasten the legs with two 3-inch screws each. Do the same with the 42-inch back legs. Measure down on each leg and mark at the 10-inch length. Slide the other frame over the legs, lining it up on the marks you made. Attach the frame using two 3-inch screws on each corner.

6

Flip your table over and see how it looks. If the installed legs are not quite level or plumb, you may have to trim them a bit to get the table exactly as you want it.

7

Install the Borco cover according to the instructions that came with the cover. Put your new drafting table in your workspace and start sketching.

How to Decorate a Connecting Dining Room and Living Room

Types of Planting Tables

Planting tables, also known as potting tables, are essential tools for the home gardener. Whether you want to prepare plants and flowers for your exterior deck, patio or lawn or simply want to prepare plants and flowers for arrangements to bring indoors, a potting table will make all your gardening endeavors easy to achieve. Does this Spark an idea?

Function

The main purpose of the planting table is to allow the home gardener to prepare and pot flowers and plants for installation in the garden, terrace or other areas around the home. Planting tables are also used to prepare plants and flowers for use indoors. These tables are usually made of wood or a combination of wood, stone or metal.

Features

A good planting table will have a moderately long surface upon which to place plants, potting soil, fertilizers, watering cans and other accessories when working. Four legs make for a sturdy table, but that is not a hard and fast rule. Drawers are especially handy in a planting table as they allow the gardener to store and organize items such as string, pruning shears, small shovels and other implements. Some potting table tops are simple slabs of wood, while others can be made of stone or lined with a watertight metal, such as zinc. A table top design which features a deep trough is especially useful when lined with a watertight material such as zinc as it will freely allow the gardener to use a variety of potting soils, fertilizers and water while containing the potentially muddy effects from potting plants and flowers. The main consideration is that the surface of the table should be able to accommodate the weight of heavy plants and garden soil bags along with the ability to withstand water without warping. A good planting table will be relatively heavy for its size so that it does not move when large objects are placed upon it.

Sizes

Planting tables in a commercial nursery operation can be very long, while those meant for home use tend to be smaller. The size of the one you choose will naturally depend on the amount of space available in your home, mudroom, garage, terrace or patio. The successful potting table will be sufficient in height to allow the user to easily lift heavy bags of soils and plants onto the surface without back strain and without having to do excessive bending and reaching over the table. The width of the table can likewise vary but an ideal width is usually no more than 3 feet so that all the plants and other materials can be easily reached.

Metal Linings

In general, the most useful potting tables have tops which are trough-shaped, usually about 12 to 18 inches deep, and lined with a watertight metal, such as zinc. Watertight metal tops are lighter in weight than stone tops and can be more easily moved should the need arise. A deep top design is also practical since it allows the soils and water to be contained within the trough and makes for easy clean-up.

Sources

Garden supply shops, flower shops, nurseries, various on-line resources and even some antiques shops carry potting tables. Be sure to make accurate measurements before purchasing and ensure that you can handle the weight of the table should you have to move it after you have prepared all your plants and flowers for your home or garden.

DIY Dining Room Table

A great dining room set gives a finished look to a home, but many people don't have the funds to purchase large furniture sets when they are just starting out in their first homes. If you are lucky enough to own a home with a dining room, construct your own dining table with inexpensive materials. You can concentrate on spending your funds on really nice chairs while still having a table that will sit eight guests easily. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1

Stand the cable spools up on end and inspect the tops. Pound in any nails that are sticking up, or remove them if they are bent or at an angle.

2

Cut 6 inches from the long side of the plywood sheet, creating a piece that is 42 inches by 8 feet. Use a file or rasp to smooth any rough edges left from sawing.

3

Place the spools so that the bases are 1 foot apart from each other. Lay the plywood sheet on top of the spools, checking to ensure each end of the plywood is the same distance from a spool as the opposite end.

4

Drill four pilot holes through the plywood and into the spools to guide the screws. Make the holes in a line and situated so that each spool will receive two screws.

5

Insert and tighten the screws to secure the table top to the cable spool bases.

6

File off the corners of the table top so that they are slightly rounded. This will prevent the tablecloth from catching and tearing on sharp wooden corners.

7

Spread the tablecloth over the plywood table top and arrange your chairs around the dining room table.

DIY Drafting Table

Making your own drafting table is a rite of passage for engineers, architects, interior decorators and draftsmen. Collect your materials, and under an hour you can have a drafting table of your own. With your a basic table set up, you can add drafting tools to meet your needs. including drafting machines or a mayline. Once you have experienced making your own drafting table, you will know how to make another if your needs outgrow your first.

Instructions

1

Select your drawing surface at your local lumberyard. Look for a smooth impermeable surface, such as high-pressure laminate or medium-density fiberboard. Determine your maximum drawing size and add a few inches to each dimension as a margin of safety. Cut your board to this size. Alternately, a flush solid core wood door can provide a combination of desktop and drawing surface.

2

Unroll the vinyl mat at room temperature. Allow it to lay flat for a few hours to rest and lose some of its curl.

3

Apply the double-sided stick tape to the vinyl mat along all four edges and diagonally. Avoid overlapping the tape. Position the taped mat on the drawing surface and apply pressure to the mat to adhere it to the board.

4

Install an optional hinge and adjustable hardware that would allow you to angle your drawing surface. Typically, 30 degrees is a comfortable maximum.

5

Mount the drafting board atop file cabinets or a desk. Using one file cabinet on either end creates a base for your drawing board that doubles as storage space.

Decorating Ideas for Small Dining Rooms

Good interior design, especially in small spaces, employs the practice of editing as much as choosing the right elements. Small dining rooms in particular present a bigger challenge than most other small spaces simply because dining tables tend to take up a lot of space. A small dining room appears larger when you design it with smaller-scaled furniture, minimal accessories and a light-toned color palette. Does this Spark an idea?

Scale

In a tight space, you can have all the traditional dining room elements if you begin with a scaled-down table. A small rectangular table that snugly fits four armless chairs--two on each long side--takes up less space than even a standard-size round table. Only the most compact spaces won't have enough room for a scaled-down buffet along one wall. Antique writing desks or library tables offer the right proportions as do some modern writing desks.

Table Options

Generally, the first and last piece of advice when designing a small dining room is to use a round table. An oval table is another space saver if the room is long, but if the room is square, go with a round table. It doesn't matter what the style of the table is, but a pedestal table takes up less space than a table with four legs. Likewise, a drop-leaf table takes up even less space when its leaves are down. Glass-top or fully acrylic tables give the illusion that the space is larger than it is.

Chair Options

Armless chairs are a better option than chairs with arms because you can push them all the way into the table, thereby creating more of a path in the room. As with tables, acrylic chairs give the illusion that the space is larger because they're transparent. In dining rooms that are on the small side--but not overly tiny--upholstered dining chairs are an option as long as they're armless. Keep any upholstery used in a small area a light, neutral color, or match the wall color for visual continuity.

Color Palette

Small spaces seem larger when they're lighter. Dark paint colors effectively shrink a room. In addition, several colors at play on the walls, trim, ceiling and upholstery also appear to make the space smaller. Use one main color and one light neutral to visually expand the space as much as possible. Use a light or pale hue rather than a saturated color. Echo the wall color in chair upholstery and tablecloths.

Floor Plan

If you must make due with a square or rectangular table in a small dining room, consider putting one side of it up against a wall, or better yet--a window. Not having a table in the center of the room will greatly increase the width of the walking area and possibly allow you to put a small sideboard on the opposite wall for storage.

Types of Wood Tables

Wood tables are available in a variety of styles and designs, all depending on where you want to place the wood table. Does this Spark an idea?

Coffee

Coffee tables are typically rectangular in shape, but they can also be square, round and oval shaped. They are low to the ground and can have glass tops or solid wood.

Occasional

Occasional tables are made for entryways, or next to chairs or couches. They usually have three to four legs, and there might be a shelf in the middle of the legs or at the bottom.

Console

Console tables might be rectangular shaped or a half-moon shape. They are to be placed against a wall or in an alcove. There are four legs and typically have drawers along the front. There might also be a shelf in the middle or bottom of the table.

Center

A center table can be used in a small sitting area or on the end of a couch. The table top is round and much larger than the base. The base might be small and round or there can be four legs.

Dining

Dining tables come in numerous shapes such as square, round, oval or rectangle. They are higher off the ground and the base can vary as well.

Different Drafting Tools

Drafting may refer to the general craft of technical drawing or a technical drawing discipline such as architectural or electrical drawing. A technical drawing, or draft, is in a standardized form that can be interpreted in only one way, as it is intended to clearly communicate specifications to transform an idea into a physical construct. In order to meet technical drawing standards, drafters use specialized tools to create a drawing conforming to conventions for line thickness, text size and symbols, among other attributes.

Drafting Tables

A standard drafting table.

While many modern technical drawers use computer aided drafting to construct a drawing, some designers choose to use pencil and paper drawings created on a drafting table. Most drafting table frames are constructed out of lightweight steel for strength and portability. The surface board, usually topped with vinyl, can be clamped into a desirable inclined angle. A strip of a lightweight metal, such as aluminum, may be attached to the bottom of the board and act as a rest for drafting pencils.

Parallel Straightedges

A plasic parallel straightedge with protractor.

A parallel straightedge, or parallel ruler, is a drafting tool used to draw precise parallel lines. Parallel straightedges are commonly constructed with two clear plastic straightedges joined together by two swiveling aluminum arms. This allows the two straightedges to move closer or further apart while remaining parallel to each other.

T-Squares

A metal and a wooden T-square.

A T-square is a tool used by drafters to aid them in drawing accurate horizontal or diagonal lines. They come in varying lengths in 6-inch intervals, from 18 to 42 inches. The name comes from the shape of the tool with a T-shaped head on one end of a long horizontal blade with clear plastic edges.

Drafting Machines

A common drafting machine.

A drafting machine is a metal device that attaches to a drawing board and consists of a drawing board connector clamp, a swiveling arm and a protractor head. The protractor head is made up of two scales mounted on an articulated protractor that is capable of rotating freely across the drawing board's surface. The drafting machine allows the drafter to perform such tasks as drawing parallel or perpendicular lines, drawing lines at specific angles and measuring angles. Maneuvers that otherwise be much more complex if attempted with a straight ruler and protractor.

How to Repair a Wood Dining Table

A wooden dining room table is a great addition to your home. Whether made of new or old wood, it needs special care. Wood is a soft material that can easily be damaged. Water, time, a fall, or a run-away tricycle can all cause damage to your dining room table. Repairing damaged wood and strengthening a weakened dining room table will make it safe and more attractive for everyday use. Museum pieces from before the 16th century have been preserved and restored. Any dining room table can be repaired and made usable again. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1

Determine what needs to be repaired on the dining room table. Cosmetic needs are the most visible, but these should be addressed after the table is made safe for use.

2

Turn the table over on its top side to determine what needs to be done to the legs. Each leg is attached at a corner of a square or rectangular table or to a center brace under the top of a round table.

3

Remove each table leg. Check the brackets that the legs were attached to for missing or broken pieces. A narrow 1-inch by 1-inch board can be cut to the same size as a broken bracket. Glue the piece with wood glue and screw it next to the old bracket for additional support. Use 2-inch screws that will reach through the new board and into the old wood.

4

For cosmetic purposes, the legs can be refinished. Strip the old finish with a paint or finish remover made specifically for this purpose. For heavy layers of paint, a paint stripper will be needed; apply it and scrape the legs until you are down to the bare wood. Sand the legs and apply wood putty to any significant cracks or deep nicks and scratches. For a light refinishing, use a refinishing product that will cut through the old finish and give you a new finish, all in one step.

5

Check the brackets where the legs are inserted for loose joints. Tighten the brackets with wood glue. Water can also be squirted into a loose joint with a syringe or turkey baster. The water will cause the wood in the loose joint to swell and tighten.

6

Turn the table back to the upright position. The table top will need to be restored (a more major job) or refinished. To restore the top, strip away the layers of old paint with a commercial paint remover. Pour on a thick coat of the solution and let it sit for several minutes to soften the old paint. Scrape the old paint away with a 4-inch putty knife.

7

Sand the top to its very smoothest using a fine .00 grit sandpaper with a palm sander first followed by a .0000 sandpaper to finish. Always sand in the direction of the wood grain. Fill cracks and holes with wood putty unless you want a more antique finish. Small dings and nicks or scratches will not hurt your table.

8

Refinish a table top without paint with a refinishing product. This is not the same as paint remover and is called a furniture refinisher. This product will dissolve the old finish without the need for scraping or extra sanding. Apply the refinishing product with a .00 grit steel wool. Use the same product to wipe off the old finish with a clean rag.

9

Rub tung oil into the table top for a natural looking protective finish. Tung oil will allow your table to "breathe." Apply a layer of polyurethane or shellac for a harder, more durable, and shinier finish.